The Calligrapher — Liǔ Gōngquán 柳公权

Tang regular-script master famed for 'bones' of strength; rival to Yan Zhenqing.

Tang calligrapher (778–865), master of regular script — Tang master of bone-strength regular script, paired forever with Yan Zhenqing as 'Yan sinew, Liu bone'. Tang dynasty

Cultural Story

The ballad 孔雀東南飛 ends with 摧藏馬悲哀, the horse's heart broken as the lovers die, 摧 the verb for the thing shattered from within. The character is the ruin that is also a grief, the break that feels like a death in the chest, and the horse that grieved was really the only mourner the poem trusted, since the families had already stopped listening.

Common words & phrases

• 摧毁 destroy · demolish · wreck · raze
• 摧残 devastate · wreck · ruin · maim
• 摧折 break · snap · bend · crush
• 悲摧 grieved · sorrowful · sad · lament

Read the story behind the character

A quake 摧毀s the town; a sickness 摧殘s the youth; a storm 摧折s the tree. The lovers' horse is a building now. The break from within is the same, whether it levels a city, wastes a life, or merely snaps the bough that was, a moment before, perfectly whole, and the building is only the horse, rebuilt in concrete and still breaking.

Why this character belongs on skin

The storm that strips the mountain also carves it. 摧 is destruction by hand: to break, to crush, 无坚不摧—nothing so hard it cannot be destroyed. The character holds the hand radical over a crane-like bird, an odd, eerie image: power reaching into the high, thin places. Grief poems use it for the heart—摧心, a heart broken open. But look at the mountains: the granites that survive are the ones the ice has already broken and re-formed. To ink 摧 is to own both sides of the verb—what broke you, and what you have since destroyed in turn: the fear, the old name someone gave you, the lie. What was crushed is compost. What you topple next is yours to choose.